Rivet setting machine



Sept. 8,1936. l.. c. HucK ET A1.

I RIVET SETTING MACHINE riginal Filed oct. e, 1932 :s sheets-sheet 1ATTQRNE'Ys.

Sept 8, 1936- c. HUcK ET A1.

vRIVE'I' SETTING MACHINE Original Filed Oct. 6, i932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.77 L/ZFP BY Ralf-Ea Maler:

ATTORNEYS.

Sept. 8, L C HUCK ET AL RIVET SETTING MACHINE original Fiied oct. e,1932 5 sneets4sheet ,5

Pfgi- E15.

Patented Sept. 8, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE arva'r su'rrmGMACHINE Application October 6, 1932, Serial No. 838,480 Renewed May 5,1934 79 Claims. (Cl. 218-19) The invention relates to fasteningmechanisms and it has particular relation to an apparatus for applyingrivets to structural elements -for securing them together.

In the copending application for patent of Louis C. Huck, relating torivets, Serial No. 545,004, filed June 17, 1931, 'a rivet is illustratedwhich comprises a female member having a tubular body portion and arivet head formed at one end thereof, and a male or shank memberextending longitudinally through the female inem,- ber and which has ahead at one end engaging that part of the female member opposite thehead on the latter. This shank or male member ex- 5 tends through andbeyond the head on thel tubular member to provide a gripping portion.'IThe rivet as thus assembled may be inserted through structural openingsuntil the rivet head on the female member engages one side of thestructure.

In setting the rivet, the projecting portion of the male member isgripped and pulled while the reactionary force is applied to the head onthe female member adjacent thereto and as the male member is pulled, thehead thereon at the oppo-` site end of the female member causesanoutward bulbing of the body portion of the female memberbetween thestructure and the head on the male member, to form a bulbed head -at theoppositepside of the structure.

In the co-pending application of Louis C. Huck relating to rivets,Serial No. 599,868, filed March 16, 41932, a. rivet of this general typeis illustrated but certain desirable improvements are incorporatedtherein. In the first place, the dimensions 85 of the male and femalemembers and particularly the dimensions of the body portion of thefemale member to be bulbed into a head, and the materials employed inthe male and female members are such that during the initial pulling ofthe male member, the body portion of the femaleA member is so axiallycompressed and the metal is so upset that any spaces or intersticesexisting between the sides of the opening in-the structure -beingriveted and the female member, aswell as the spaces between the male andfemale members,

are closed for the purpose of rendering the connection very tight.Subsequently to this initial phase of the rivet setting operation, thebody portion of the female member between the head and the'male memberand the structure being riveted is outwardly bulbed'into a head and thenupon further pulling of the male member, it breaks at a point determinedby location of a groove or break neck in the male member which islocated following the bulbing of the head, substantially at the outerface of the head of the female member, althoughof course this groove maybe located at any other point desired. The groove of undercut characternaturally provides a portion in the male member ofvweaker constructionand in this 5 manner the breaking point is determined. As illustratedand described in this co-pending application, the projecting end of themale member preferably is provided with grooves or threads to facilitatethe gripping thereof. l@

Generally these features or improvements are also incorporated in theco-pending application 0f Louis C. Huck, Serial No. 604,759, filed April12, 1932, although in this construction it has not been found necessaryto initially bulb a small ifi and thinner portion of the female memberadjacent the head on the male member, to reinforce the end of the femalemember against bursting during the subsequent4 formation of the mainbulbed head. 20

While the rivets described and illustrated in the aforesaid copendingapplications for patent have been very satisfactory, considerablethought has been given to the effect of the recoil on the male member inthe rivet when its projecting end has 25', been broken. Considerableforce is required to set the lrivet and a still larger force is requiredto break the male member at the undercut or groove after the bulbed headis formed and when this break occurs, there is naturally considerable 30recoil and it has been thought possible that this recoil may causeslight loosening of the rivet connection. In view of the fact that themale member and female member adjacent the head on the former are lockedtogether when the rivet 35 is set. this recoil on the male memberfollowing breaking thereof at the groove', and possibly inherentresilient characteristics of the bulbed head tend to movethe pinslightly in a. direction opposite that in which it is moved during therivet 40 setting operation. It seems that by providing a rivet such as4will hereinafterbe described and illustrated, and setting it in acertain manner and with the machine illustrated, the eect of this recoilmay be largely neutralized if not obvi 45 ated. At any rate it seemsthat a rivet of the character described may be made tighter and thisinvention particularly ,is related to a machine for setting a rivet` soas to obtain a tighter and stronger rivet connection. Primarily it hasbeen 50 found that if the female member, and particularly that portionof the female member adjacent the initially formed head, is locked tothe male member adjacent the groove provided therein for breakingpurposes, prior to the breaking of the 55 vabove-mentioned character,which locks the male and female members positively at that end of thelatter opposite the bulbed head.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus wherein aforce directed in a direction opposite to the force pulling the malemember, is employed to lock the male and female members as set forthabove.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the abovedesignated character in which the male and female members are locked inthe manner set forth, after the female member has been bulbed to form ahead, and prior to breaking the male member as stated.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for locking the maleand female members together, comprising an anvil adapted to swage thehead of the female member on to the male member.

Another object of the invention is to provide power-means for electingthe head of the female member from the swaging anvil upon completion ofthe swaging operation and after the male member is broken.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for lockingthe male and female members together in the manner set forth, whereinthe initially formed head on the female member is disposed in acountersunk opening in the structure being riveted.

Another `object of the invention is to provide an apparatus foroptionally setting a rivet having either type of head, and locking theparts as set forth.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the followingdescription and the claims hereinafter set forth.

For a better understanding of the invention reference may be had to theaccompanying drawings forming a part' of the' specification, wherein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view f a rivet settingmachine constructed according to one form of the invention, and alsoillustrates a pressure boosting device for supplying iluid underpressure to the machine.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine shown by Fig. 1, as seen from theleft end thereof, and alsc:i illustrates a valve construction in crosssec on.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on a larger scale eral interlockingarrangement shown by Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the machine illustratingits selectivity of operation for setting of rivet of a different type.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the lineIii-I0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the lineII-II of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a rivet inserted in astructure to be riveted, wherein the rivet is particularly adapted to beset by the machine as illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 13 is a view similar to that shown by Fig. 12 illustrating therivet after it has been set.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another type of rivet inserted in astructure which is particularly adapted to be set by the machine whenemployed in the manner shown by Fig. 9.

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the rivet shown by Fig.14, after it has been set.

Attention is rst directed to Fig. 12 illustrating a rivet particularlyadapted to besetby using a machine hereafter to be described. In thisfigure structural elements I0 and II to be riveted are illustrated andit will be understood that initially an opening will be provided in thestructure for receiving the rivet. 'I'he rivet shown comprises a tubularmember I2 having a head I3 at one end preferably tapered on its outersurface at an angle to the rivet axis, for engaging the outer side ofstructural element I0, and which at its other end has a radially andinwardly projecting portion Il disposed in a groove I5 formed in a pin I6 extending through the tubular member. Adjacent the grove I5, the pinis provided with a head I1 engaging the end face of the tubular member,whereas the opposite end of the pin projects beyond the outer face ofthe head I3 and is provided with threads or grooves I8 for cooperatingwith similar threads or grooves provided in the gripping surfacesof jawsin the machine. Intermediate its ends, the pin is provided with severalthreads or grooves I9 and a break neck or slightly deeper groove 20. Insetting a rivet of this character, the threaded 0r grooved portion I8 ofthe pin is gripped and pulled while the reactionary force is appliedagainst the head I3 of the tubular member and during this operation,movement of the head I1 causes an outward bulbing of the body portion ofthe tubular member between the structuralv element II and such head onthe pin, to provide a bulbed head as indicated at ZI in Fig. 13. It maybe stated at this time that the radial projection Il on the tubularmember, disposed in the groove. I! on the pin, reinforces this end ofthe tubular member and insures proper bulbing to form the head 2|without danger of the head I1 on the pin passing through the tubularmember and possibly bursting it. When the head 2l is formed as shown inFig. 13, the break neck 2li preferably.

is located adjacent the outer face of the head I I on the tubularmember,and followingsetting of the head, a continued and more forceful pull onthe pinwill tension it sufficiently to break it at such break neck asillustrated in Fig. 13. Prior to breaking the pin. it has been foundvery de- 2,053,719 will readily' be appreciated that the recoil might lbe effective to move the pin slightly in the direction opposite that inwhich itwas moved to set the rivet and thus loosen the rivet connection.Owing to the lock between the tubular member and the pin` adjacent thehead I1, any slight movement of the pin in such reverse directionnecessarily affects the bulbed head 2| and in fact the latter may haveinherent resiliency to even assist the action of the recoil force. Itwill thus be seen that it is desirable to prevent largely, ifnotentirely, the.action ofl the recoil on the pin after breakingthereof, and to prevent any looseningof the connection as a result ofthis recoil or the recoil in combination with the inherent resiliency ofthe head 2| following its:

formation. As a means forlocking the pin and 'tubular member adjacentthe head I3, the

plates, and prior to breaking of the pin, the

metal in the tubular member adjacent and in the head I3, is directedradially and inwardly into the grooves I9 as indicated in Fig. 13. Thisis eiected between the head forming operation and the pin breakingoperation, by contracting at least a portion of the head I3, into thegrooves I9, the contracted portion being indicated in Fig. 13 at 22.Then upon breaking of the pin, it is apparent that the interlocking ofthe tubular member adjacent to and in the head I3, with the grooves I9in the pin, will largely, if not entirely, prevent any backward movementof the pin, upon breaking thereof. The machine illustrated in Fig. 1, isparticularly adapted to set this rivet,

terms upsetting of swaging are used to describe the operation by which aflow of metal is effected to obtain a locking engagement. It is to beunderstood that these terms are intended to define anyoperation'by-which the metal is moved or flows and that they should notbe'subject to any more limited construction such as they may have in themetal working art.

Referring to Fig. l, a machine illustrated for setting the rivetcomprsesha casting 23 having a handle portion 24, and such casting andhandle portion thereof have passages 26 and4 25 respectively. Adjacentthe handle portion, a trigger 21 is provided which is adapted to operatea normally closed valve 28 that closes the passage 25 to the atmosphere,4a port 29 being provided to communicate the passageway 25 with theatmosphere when the valve is open. When -the valve is closed, thepassage 25 is in communication with a secbnd passage 30 having a ballcheck valve 3|, and which in turn communicates with a cylinder 32.Passage 25 is connectedv to a lexible fluid pressure line such as acompressed air line indicated at 33 and, accordingly, it will beunderstood that when the valve is' closed fluid or air under pressuremay, if necessary, iiow past valve 3| and to thel interior of cylinder32, Whereas when the valve is open, the passage 25, passage 35i to thevalve 3|, and hence the pressure line 33 communicate directly with theatmosphere.

Passage 26 is provided to conduct fluid underlpressure such as oil, toother parts of the machine hereinafter described, and v,for this purposea flexible oil pressure line 34 communicates with such passage. The line34 is connected to o barrel 35 having a plunger therein, and thisplunger in turn is connectedto apiston provided in a `cylinder 36.Movement of the piston in cylinder 36 is effected by air pressure froman air pressure line 31 connected to a valve mechanism 38- and thelatterthrough conduit 33 is controlled by trigger 21.

The mechanism so far described, except for the check valve 3I, issubstantially identical tothe rivet setting machine disclosed inthe'co-pending application of Louis C. Huck and `George T. Chap- `man,Serial No. 615,544, filed June 6, 1932, and for this reason it seemsonly necessary to briefly describe the operation of this part of themechanism. When-the trigger 21 is pulled, passage 25 and passage 30 tocheck valve 3lcommunicate with the atmosphere and the reduction inpressure in the air line 33 so operates the valve mechanism 38 that thepiston in cylinder 36 and plunger in barrel 35 move to the left, causinga pressure on and flow of the oil through the conduit 34 and through thepassage 26. The relative diameters of the -plunger in barrel 35 and thepiston in cylinder 36 is such that with an ordie and an air passage 40'connects them so that air from passage 30 may flow to theright end ofcylinder -39 and the left end of lcylinder 40. A piston 4I isreciprocatory in cylinder 39 and a piston 42 is reciprocatory incylinder 40, piston 4I being rigidly connected to a piston rod 43 whichis slidable in opposite end walls of the cylinder indicated at 44'and45, and in a central wall 46 separating the cylinder bores. Piston 42 isslidably mounted on the piston rod 43. At opposite ends of cylinder 39,cup washers 41 are provided formed that pressure within the cylindertends vto contract their rim portions around the piston rod and hence tomore positively seal the cylinder against the escape of fluid therein.Each piston is provided with exible cup washers 48 and 49 locatedopening 5I extending longitudinally of.

the piston rod and communicating with the atmosphere at the right end ofthe cylinder. Piston 42 similarly has one or more vents 50 communicatingwitha groove in the inner periphery of vthe piston, indicated at ,52 andthis groove fn turn communicates with an axial slot 54 extendinglongitudinally of a sleeve portion 55 integralv with piston 42 and whichis slidably mounted on piston rod 43 and slidably projects throughcylinder wall 45. One of thecup washers 41 is also mounted fn the wall45 around the sleeve 55. For allowing exhaust of fluid such as air thatmay escape through vents .50 and slot 54, an opening land it will benoted that these washers are so Y 55' may be provided in the rod 43beyond the end cylinder wall 45, and this vent also prevents trap- Vpingof fluid in the machine beyond this wall.

The rod 43 is threaded into a tubular member 55 and the latter in turnis threaded into a sleeve 51, the outer end of which, as best shown byFig. 3, has three sockets 58, 59, and 69 which are of cylindricalcharacter. Each of these sockets at its end shown in Fig. 3, issemi-cylindrical or.

slightly less than semi-cylindrical in form, but inwardly from the endof the sleeve, each socket in longitudinal cross section, divergesoutwardly from the longitudial axis of the sleeve, and the form of thesocket over a substantial linear portion thereof is greater thansemi-cylindrical in form. 'I'he inner ends of the sockets which aregreater than semi-cylindrical in form, are indicated in` broken lines at6|, 52, and 63. Each Y socket receives a jaw 64 having an outer cylini'drical surface complementary to the surface of the socket and thelongitudinal axis of which is directed parallel to the axis of thesocket. The inner gripping surface of each jaw indicated at 55, whilesubstantially cylindrical has grooves or teeth 55 and is directed incoinciding or parallel relation to the axis of the sleeve. It will,therefore, be evident that in a movement of the jaws toward the outerends of the sockets, they move radially toward each other, although thegripping surfaces are maintained parallel to the axis of the sleeve.This construction insures uniform and full contact of the grippingsurfaces -with a cylindrical rivet pin extending between the jaws,throughout the length of the gripping surfaces, regardless of movementof the jaws in their sockets.

vEach jaw, as best shown by Fig. 1, terminates at its inner end in agroove portion 61 which is interlocked with a tubular pin 58 slidablymount- ,ed in the tubular member 55. The pin 68 is longitudinallyapertured as indicated at 59, and this aperture coincides with theaperture in the piston rod 43, from which it follows that from the jawsa continuous passage exists through the machine which is open to theexterior of the end wall 44 of the cylinder. For the purpose of normallyurging the j aws toward the outerv end of the sleeve, and into grippingposition, a l'helical spring 10 encircles a reduced portion 1| of themember 55 and abuts a shoulder 13 on the pin 58. A ring of rubber or thelike 12 also is mounted on pin 88 adjacent shoulder 18 and is adapted toengage the end of member 55 when the jaws move inwardly as will be laterdescribed. For the purpose of facilitating removal of the Jaws from theparts associated therewith, the sleeve 51 at circumferentially spacedpoints is provided with eldngated openings 15 that are so located, thatupon moving thejaws inwardly, they may be expanded suiilciently todisengage them ifrom the pin 58 when sleeve 55 is removed, although itwill be understood that a movement of the jaws sumciently to eiect suchdisengagement normally can not occur whenI sleeve 55 is in place.

' Referring again to Fig. 1, at the leftside of the. end wall 45 on thecylinder, a tubular casting 85 is fastened and such casting on its innerperipheryhas a cylindrical recess of substantial length indicated at 88.The sleeve portion 55 connected to piston 42 is connected by threadingto a member 81 movable in the recess 85 in casting 85. This member 81 asshown by Fig. 6 has three radial projections 88 spacedequally in acircumferential direction and each projection' terminates in an axially.disposed leg 89. The end wall 45 of the cylinder also is provided asshown by Fig. 6 with three axially directed legs 90, which are spacedeircumferentlally and between which the radially directed projections 88and legs 88 on the member 81 are adapted to move longi- 5 tudinally ofthe piston rod. It will be noted, as shown by Fig. l, that the legs 95on the end wall 45 of the cylinder projectsubstantially the samedistance from the end wall as the legs 89 on member 81 when the latteris abutting such end 10 wall. It will be evident that if piston 42ismoved to the left, the reciprocatory member 81 connected thereto maybe moved longitudinally of the piston rod, with the three projections 88and legs 89 thereon axially moving between the rel5 spective legs 90 onthe end wall of the cylinder. Each of the legs 89 and 99, as best shownby Figs. 7 and 8, at one circumferentially disposed edge, has a hook 9|and at its other circumferentially disposed edge, a notch 92. It will benoted that the legs 98 on wall 45 substantially t between the radialprojections 88 on member 81 so that the legs 95 substantially guidemember 81 in any reciprocatory movement eil'ected by piston 42. Twosleeves or barrels 94 and 95, shown best by Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 8particularly are slidably and rotatably mounted in the tubular member85, and slidably mounted one within the other. 'Ihe inner sleeve 85 atits right end, as shown by Figs. l and 4, has three axial slots 96,equally spaced circumferentially, the axial portions or legs betweenslots being indicated at 91. The outer sleeve 94 has at its right end,three equally spaced, radially and inwardly directed projections 98,slidably disposed in the slots 98. Each of the legs 91 and theprojections 98, as best shown by Fig. 7, has an axially projecting hook99 adapted to cooperate with one of the hooks 9| on the legs 89 and 98formed on the member 81 and cylinder wall 45, respectively. From Fig. 7,it is evident that the notches 92 on the latter legs permit entry of thehooks 99 between such legs, and that after such entry, the sleeves 94and 95 may be turned slightly until the hooks interlockas shown in theligure. It will be noted that the sleeves turn as a unltbecause of thedisposition oi projections 98 on sleeve 94 in the slots 96 in sleeve 95.With the parts arranged as shown by Figs. `1 and '7, the legs 91 onsleeve 95 abut the ends of legs 90 on the cylinder wall 45 while theends of projections 98 on sleeve 94 abut the ends of legs 89 on themember 81 connected to piston 42. Now should the piston move to theleft, member 81 will move sleeve 94 to the left. while leaving sleeve 95stationary and against legs 90. This arrangement may/be reversed byturning both sleeves slightly to free hooks 99 from hooks 9|, thenpulling the sleeves away from legs 89 and 90 until the hooks 99 areslightly beyond the ends of the legs, then turning the sleeves 60 toposition projections 88 in axial alignment with legs 95, then moving thesleeves axially and the hooks 99 into the new entry openings .thereforbetween legs 89 and 98, and then reversely turning the sleeves to engagethe hooks. `-Now the hooks 99 on sleeve 99 Vengage hooks 9| on cylinderwall 45, and hooks .any onen: so spaced, axially elongated slots |o| 75in the sleeve 94. When it is desired to reverse the sleeve positions byturning them through 60, it is only necessary to remove this screw,manipulate and turn the sleeves through 60 and then reinsert the screwinto another of the openings.

The hooks are chiefly provided to insure return of either sleeve with areturn movement of the piston 42. During setting of a rivet, abutting ofthe legs 89 and'90 with the ends of the sleeves respectively is mainlyimportant, but after setting `of the rivet, that sleeve moved by thepiston 42 should be returned with the piston.

The 'outer end of the inner sleeve 95 has an a central opening |08through which the pin I6 of therivet may be inserted. This anvilterminates in a tubular portion |09 adapted to directly engage the headI3 on the tubular rivet member and to engage such head immediatelyadjacent to and around the pin. The outer tubular member 94 terminatesadjacent the inner sleeve and a secondary anvil ||0 is threadedthereinto and this anvil has .a central opening III through which thetubular portion |09 on the anvil |01 projects for engagement with thehead on the female rivet member. The opening terminates in a bevel ||2which is adapted to slide over and contract head I3 on the tubular rivetmember.

Now referring to the passage 26, it will be noted that it communicatesdirectly, with the cylinder 39 at the left side of piston 4| so as toallow oil under pressure to flow directly from barrel 35 to this end ofthe cylinder. The passage also communicates Awith a bypass 5 leading toa valve chamber IIS.l Aligned with this chamber, a valve sleeve opening||1 is provided in the casting for receiving a sleeve ||8, `held in theopening by a screw cap ||9 threaded into the casting. The sleeve I|8 atits upper end abuts a.v

sealing gasket |20 and adjacent thereto and the chamber ||6, has a pilot|2| and a seat |2I.

A valve |22 slidably mounted in the sleeve, terminates at its upper endin a reduced portion |23 providing an annular space |24 between thevalve and sleeve immediately adjacent the seat |2I. 'Ihis reduced endhas a tapered portion |25 for engaging the seat I2 Adjacent its lowerend, the valve has a head |26y slidable in a larger portion of thesleeve and on the shoulder thus provided, a resilient cup ring\or Washer|21 is providedA to seal the head in the enlarged portion of the sleeve.Normally, when the valve is seated, the head |26 and washer |21 areslightly spaced from the shoulder on the sleeve,

as indicated at |28, at the junction of the enlarged portion of thelatter, and this space is inA communication with Vthe annular space |24around the valve adjacent the seat, by means of la passage |29diametrically extending through the valve. Below the annular space |24,the sleeve has apertures as indicated at |30, and these aperturescommunicate with an annular groove |30 in the casting, in turncommunicating witha passage |3| leading to cylinder 40 at the right sideof piston 42. A sealing ring |32 around the sleeve below the aperture|30 and on the shoulder of such sleeve seals the outside ofthe sleeve atthis point.

For normally holding the valve closed, a plunger |33 abuts the valve andis slidable through the end wall' of cap II 9 but is limited in itsdownward movement by a shoulder |33'. A spring |34 abutting a collar |35on the plunger at its upper wall 46 between the-cylinder bores.,v Thisvalve however prevents oil from owing in a reverse directionfromcylinder 39 to cylinder 40.

'Ihe valve |22 is of such character that oil under pressure will ow intocylinder 39 and move piston 4| to the right, and build up to aconsiderable pressure before the valve will open. When the oil pressureacting on the upper end face of the valve within pilot |2I, issufiicient to overcome pressure exerted by the pre-loaded spring |34, itwill open, allowing oil to ow into space |24, passage |29, and intospace |28. Due to the added area of the valve head |26 below space |28and the shoulder ,area on the valve defining space |24, a pressurematerially lower than that originally required to lift the valvev 0Eseat |2|' will further overcome the pressure of spring |34 and cause thevalve to open until shoulder |33 engages the end wall of cap ||9 aroundthe opening therein for the plunger, in which position, the space |24registers with groove |30 and openings |30. The action of the valve issuch that oil pressure will act against the aforesaid areas additionalto the end face of the valve, before the valve admits oil to build up apressure in the space in cylinder 40 at the right; of piston 42.Normally a certain amount of motion of piston 42 may occur before anvil||0 engages the headv I3, and the ilow of oil to cause this motion,against very little resistance, tends to create a drop in oil pressurein cylinder parts, and theoperation of the oil pressure supply means issuch as to obtain' this drop in oil "pressure in cylinder 39.

In setting the rivet as shown by Fig. 1, the trigger 21 is pulled, thuscausing oil to ow throughvthe `passage 26 into the cylinder 39 at.

the left side of piston 4|. This causes a, move` ment of the piston tothe right, carrying with it the sleeve member 41 and as this sleevemoves it causes contraction of the jaws 64 around the pin ofthe rivetand after positive gripping of the' pin by the, jaws, av movement of thepin to the right. As this occurs, the reactionary forceto the pull isdirected against the head I3 of the tubular rivet member through theanvil |01 and its tubular projection |09, it being apparent that theinner sleeve 95 carrying this anvil is then engaged by the projectionson the end wall 39. Preferably the dimensions'of openings'and 45 of thecylinder so that the reactionary force the head is formed, continued andsomewhatv increased tension on the pin, causes further tightening of theplates being riveted, to provide a tight rivet connection. When thepressure on the oil at the left of piston 4| reaches a prede.-

- der 4|) and begin to move piston 42 carrying the secondary anvil I I0.Some movement of the piston 42 and anvil I I0 will occur'before theanvil engages head I3 on the rivet and encounters sage 23 and cylinder33. Valve |22 will normally remain open however because of the increasedpressure area. provided as previously described. Reduction of thepressure on the oil in cylinder 33 will allow some relaxing of thetension on the rivet pin and accordingly alittle reversed movement ofthe pin through the tubular rivet member, due to the resilient return ofthe bulbed head 2|. The relaxing of tension on the pin is desirableduring seating of the anvil I'I0 on head I3 ofthe rivet and particularlyso in the event the head is slightly eccentric or the anvil does not atfirst concentrically t the head. As the anvil |I meets furtherresistance to its movement by engaging head I3, the pressure on the oilagainst both pistons increases, and as piston 4| increases the tensionon the pin and pulls it to the right, again overcoming any resiliency ofthe head 2|, the anvil |I0 contracts the head I3 and causes metal toflow into the grooves I9 in the pin. Simultaneously, a certain amount ofextrusion of metal in head I3 occurs and results in some elongationthereof in the direction the pin is being pulled. This simultaneousextrusion of head I3 and tensioning and movement of the pin, insureslling of the grooves I9. It seems that with certain proportioning ofthediameter, length and taper of head I3, and the dimensions of opening IIIand bevel I|2 in anvil ||0, the extrusion process and filling of thegrooves may add materially to the tension to which that part of the pinto the left of the part engaged by the metal flowed in from head I3, issubjected by piston 4|.

This lengthening of head I3, acting through anvil |01 and the Acylindermay cause such movement thereof relative to piston 4| so as to causesome of the oil to flow back into the system and intopassage 25.`Finally the tension on the pin is sufficient to break it at the breakneck 20.

After the pin is broken, the trigger may be released but attention isdirected to the fact that as the pin breaks the recoil on the jawsordinarily is sufficient to cause them to loosen relative to the jawreceiving sleeve 51 and this recoil also may be sufficient to move thebroken pin member backwardly through the jaws. In any event, uponinsertion of an additional rivet pin between the jaws, the broken pinmember of the rivet set previously, if it has not moved rearwardlythrough the jaws, will be moved rearwardly therethrough upon insertingthe next rivet. Thus the broken pin parts may be progressively movedthrough the jaws and finally be ejected from the rear end wall 44 of thecyl- Inder. As the pin breaks, rearward movement of the jaws and pin 50relative to the sockets is cushioned by spring and the rubber ring 12,the latter preventing metal engagement of the pin with member 50.

During the riveting operation, the air trapped in the cylinders by ballvalve 3|, naturally is Y compressed to a much greater pressure and whileaccordingly is accelerated with an air pressure higher than linepressure in conduit 33.

It should be noted that the return movement of piston 42 to the rightunder air pressure, as above described, necessarily is accompanied bymovement of anvil ||0 to the right with respect to anvil |01, inasmuchas anvil IIO is locked to the piston 42 by sleeve 94, sleeve projections98, hooks 99 and 9|, members 89 and 81 and piston sleeve 55, whereasanvil |01 is prevented from. moving to the right by reason of theabutment of legs 91 on sleeve 85 with legs 90 formed on the cylinderwall 45.

As a result of this relative movement between anvils I|0 and |01 underthe influence of relatively high air pressure at the left side of piston42, the rivet heads I3 will be forcibly ejected from the swaging anvil||0. This is of considerable advantage as the very high swaging pressuretends to jam anvil IIO over thel rivet head, rendering it diilicult toremove the anvil after the rivet setting operation is completed. It maybe noted that ejection of the rivet head will not tend to loosen therivet since anvil |01, which acts as an electing member during thisperiod, engages the rivet head itself.

To prevent the operator from holding the trigger open after the rivetingoperation is completed, and thus to prevent the piston 4I from beingforcefully thrown against the cylinder wall 44, a lever |44 is pivotedon the casting in the path of movement of the piston rod 43, and upon acertain movement of the rod, it engages this lever. The lever isconnected to the trigger to throw it to its closed position, forciblyovercoming any manual pressure on the trigger.

Under certain circumstances it may be desired to use a rivet in whichthe tubular member has a countersunk head |50, as shown by Fig. 14',which is disposed in a correspondingly countersunk opening in thestructure. In this case, it is impossible to contract the outerperiphery of the head in the manner described with respect to the rivetshown by Fig. 12. In order to obtain substantially the same resulthowever, the head may be provided with a cylindrical groove |5| aroundthe pin and at the outer face of the head, and this groove may mergeinto a beveled surface |52. In assembling the rivet, a metal ringcomposed of metal similar to that of the tubular member, may be insertedas indicated at |53 into the cylindrical groove |52.

In setting a rivet of this character, as the pin is pulled, thereactionary force is applied directly to the head at a point radiallyand outwardly with respect to the ring |53 and after the head is formedas shown by Fig. 15, a secondary anvil is brought into operation whichengages the ring |53. As this secondary anvil becomes effective, itforces the ring |53 against the tapered surface |52 and thus forces itinto locking engagement with threads |54 on the pin. This occurs priorto breaking of the pin so that upon the latter occurring the recoil willbe effectively neutralized by the interlocking engagement of the ringwith the pin and its engagement with the tapered surface |52 on thetubular member.

In setting a rivet of this character, the machine is used, shown by Fig.l, except for a changing of arrangement and anvils. The anvils |01 and II0, shown in Fig. 1, are removed, and in place thereof anvils |50 and 6|are provided, as shown by Fig. 9. The anvil I 5I has a plane portion |52adapted to engage the coun- :mesmoA k. formed, the outside anvil comesinto actionto contract the head. In the type of rivet last described,and shown by Fig. 14, it isnecessary that the outside anvil initiallyapply the reactionaryl force, and after the bulbed head is formed, thatthe inside anvil apply thesecondary and force required to upset the ringl|53. After the anvils are interchanged as mentioned,

.it is only necessary to remove the threaded screw which is used to lockthe sleeves 94 and 95 against circumferential movement with respect tothe member 85 and after thisA screw is removed, -the sleeves may berotated'. If these sleeves are rotatedlill degrees, it is apparent thatthe projections 91 on the inner sleeve 95 `will now be brought intoaxial alignment with the .projections 89 on the member 81 and that theprojections 98 that were aligned with the projections 89, will bebrought into axial alignment withthe projections 90. When so positionedand the hooks 9| and 99 are interlocked, the set screwvma'y be insertedand projected into the to enter the cylinder 40 at the right side o fvpiston 42. This causes a movement of the piston t2 to the left and -a.movement of the inner anvil |60. As the inner anvil moves, its tubularextension |63 forces the ring |53 along the tapered surface |52'in thehead on the tubular member, thereby locking the head to the pih in themanner shown in Figs. 15. Increased tension on thepin caused byincreased oil pressure,

tion by the inherent resiliency of such'head, it may be entirelysatisfactory to not have this drop in oil pressure in cylinder 39. 'Ihesize of oil passages or the operation of the oil pressure supply means,or the character 'of the valve or such factors conjointly, may be suchas to avoid any appreciable drop in oil pressure in cylinder 39 at suchstage -of the riveting operation. It has been found that rivets may besatisfactorily set without such oil pressure drop in cylinder 39, or inother words, while maintaining the tension onuthe pin after the' head 2|is formed and the plates are drawn together. It seems however that adrop in oil pressure is desirable for reasons previously 'mentioned Themachine illustrated is highly 'efficient for setting rivets of eithertype and may be used to set rivets very rapidly. It is apparent thatmovement of thetrigger controls all operations after sion.

the' rivet is inserted between the jaws, thereby simplifying manualoperation of the machine.

The iiexible oil and air conduits facilitate move'- ment of the rivetsetting apparatus relative tothe oil pressure supply means, and theapparatus is of such shape. and weightas to facilitate its manualmanipulation.

Although only one form of the invention-has been illustrated anddescribed in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat various ,modifications may be made without departing from the scopeof the appended claims.

1. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members, whichcomprises means for pulling one member, means for applying thereactionary force to the other member,` and means for shifting the pointof application of th'e reactionary force.

2. A mechanism for'setting a rivet comprising two members, whichcomprises means for pulling one member, means for applying thereactionary force to the other member, and means for shifting the pointof application of the reactionary force while maintaininga pull on theiirst member.

3. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members, whichcomprises means for pulling one member, means' for applying thereactionary force against the othermember, and means for shifting thepoint of application of the reactionary force on the second member upona reduction in pulling force on the rst member.

4. A machine for, setting a rivet of a type 4comprising a tubularmember, and a pin passing through the member and engaging one endthere.- of which comprises means for pulling the pin to cause upsettingof the tubular member intermediate its ends, means for applying thereactionary force to the pull against the tubular member, and means forlocking the pin and member after said upsettingoperation, at a pointremoved from said point of engagement. while the pin is under ten- 5. Amachine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member, and apin passing through the member and engaging one end thereof, whichcomprises means for pulling the pin to cause upsetting of the tubularmember intermediate its ends, means for applying the reactionary forceto the pull against the tubular member, and means for locking the pinand member after -said upsetting operation, at a pointremoved from saidpoint of engagement, while the tension on the pin is being increased.

6. A machine for settinga'rivet wherein the i' i rivet comprises atubular member adapted to project through openings in and beyond astructure to be riveted, and a pin member engaging the projecting endo'f the tubular member andv passing through the latter and beyond itsother end, comprising means for gripping and pulling the prorivetcomprises a tubular member adapted tol project through openings in'andbeyond a structure to be riveted, and a pin member engaging theprojecting en d of the tubular member and passing through the latter andbeyond its other end, comjecting end of the pin, means for applying therel actionary force of the2 pull, against the end of the tubularmemberadjacent the projecting end of prislng `means for gripping andpulling the projecting end of the pin, means i'or applying thereactionary force of the pull, against the end of the tubular memberadjacent the projecting end of the pin', and means i'or radiallyupsetting a part of the tubular member into a recess in the pin member,adjacent the end of the tubular member last mentioned, after the pin hasbeen moved through the tubular member sufficiently to form a head out ofsuch member at the opposite side of thestructure.

8. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the rivet comprises a tubularmember adapted to project through openings in and beyond a structure tobe riveted, and a pin member engaging the projecting end of the tubularmember and passing through the latter and beyond its other end,comprising means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pinmember to form a head out of the body of thetubular member at theopposite side of the structure and then to break the pin intermediateits ends, means for applying the vreactionary force of the pull to theend of the tubular member at that side of the structure opposite thehead thus formed, and means for locking the members adjacent the lastmentioned end of the tubular member, between the head forming and pinbreaking operations.

9. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted toproject through and beyond one side of a structure, and a pin engagingone end of the .tubular member and projecting through the latter andbeyond its other end, which comprises means for gripping and pulling theprojecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force tothe adjacentend of the tubular member, and means eiective after apredetermined pull on the pin suilcient to form a head from theprojecting end of the tubular member, to lock the members substantiallyagainst relative movement upon release of the pull.

10. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted toproject through and beyond one side of a structure, and a pin engagingone end of the tubular member and projecting through the latter andbeyond its other end, and having a breaking point intermediate its ends,which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of thepin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of thetubular member, and means eiective after a prei determined pull on thepin sumcient to form a head from the vprojecting end of the tubularmember, and prior to a pull sumcient to break the pin. to lock themembers substantially against relative movement upon breaking of thepin.

11. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the latter comprises a tubularmember having a'pin engaging one end thereof, passing through it andprojecting beyond its other end, which comprises means f or gripping andpulling the projecting pin portion, means for applying the reactionaryforce to the adjacent end of the tubular member, and means eiectileafter a predetermined pullon the pin, to modifyapplication of thereactionary force to lock the tubular member .to the pin.

12. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the latter comprises-aVtubular member having a pin engaging one end thereof, passing throughit and projecting beyond its other end, which comprises means forgripping and pulling the projecting pin portion, means for applying thereactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member. and meansetiective after a predetermined pull on the pin, to change the point ofapplication of the reactionary force on the tubular member.

13. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted toproject through a structure and beyond one side of it, and a pinengaging one end of the tubular member, and passing through it andbeyond its other end, which comprises fluid pressure operated means forgripping and pulling the projecting pin, means for applying thereactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member, and meanseffective after a predetermined fluid pressure is employed in pullingthe pin, -for changing the localization of the reactionary force on thetubular member.

14. A machine for setting a rivet comprising `a. tubular member adaptedto project through a structure and beyond one side of it, and a pinengaging one end of the tubular member, and passing through it andbeyond its other end, which comprises means for gripping andjpulling thepin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of thetubular member, secondary means for applying a similar force to the endof the tubular member at a different point, and means for rendering thelast means'effective after a predetermined pull on the pin.

15. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet oi a type comprising atubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises meansfor .gripping and pulling the pin, and separate means for applying thereactionary force to the tubular member at different points.

16. A rivet setting 4machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a.tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, whichcomprises meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, and separate anvils for engaging andapplying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one ofthe anvils being adapted to engage the end face of the tubular memberand the other anvil being adapted to engage the peripheral surface ofthe tubular member.,

17. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising atubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, separate means for applying thereactionary force to the tubular member at different points, and meansfor effecting operation of said last mentioned means in sequentialorder.

18. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising atubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, separate anvils for applying thereactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one of the anvilsbeing adapted to engage the end face of the tubular member and the otheranvil being adapted to engage the peripheral surface of the tubularmember, and means for effecting operation of said anvils in sequentialorder.

19. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising atubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, separate anvils for applying thereactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one of the anvilsbeing adapted to engage the end face of the tubular. member and theother being adapted to engage the peripheral surface of the tubularmember,

. and means for effecting operation of said anvils in a sequential orderdepending upon tension applied to the pin. l

20. A rivet settingmachine for setting a rivet of a type comprising atubular member havingI a head at one end and a pin projectingtherethrough for engaging the other end of the tubular member, whichcomprises means for pulling that end of the pin adjacent said head onthe tubular member, means for applying the reactionary force of the pullaxially against the head, and means for eiecting radial contraction ofthe head after a predetermined movement of the pin.

21. A riv'et setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including atubular member and a pin l extending therethrough, which comprises meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionaryforce axially against the end of the tubular member, separate means forapplying the reactionary force to a diierent portion of the tubularmember after a predetermined movement of the pin, and means enabling areversed time operation of the two last mentioned means.

22. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including atubularmember and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises liuidactuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying thereactionary force of such pull to the end of the tubular member at onepoint, and iiuid actuated means for changing the localization ofapplication of said reactionary force after a predetermined movement ofthe pin.

23. A machine for setting rivets of a type including a tubular memberand a pin extending therethrough, which comprises fluid actuated meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionaryforce of such pull to the end of the tubular member at one point, andfluid actuated means for upsetting the metal in a portion of the tubularmember after a predeterl mined movement of the pin.

24. A machine for setting rivets of a type ncluding a tubular member anda pin extending therethrough, which comprises fluidactuated means forgripping and pulling the pin, means for applyingthe reactionary force ofsuch pull to the end of the tubular member, and fluid actuated means forradially contracting a portion of the tubular member after apredetermined movement of the pin.

25. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular memberand a pin extending therethrough, which comprises iiuid actuated meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionaryforce of such pull to the endof the tubular member, uid actuated meansfor applying force to another portion of the tubular member,- and meansrendering the last mentioned uid actuatedvmeans operative upon obtaininga predetermined iluid pressure during actuation of the rst iiuidactuated means.

26. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including atubular member having a pin extending therethrough, comprising fluidactuated means for gripping and pulling the-pin, means for applying thereactionary force of the pull to an end portion of the tubular member,fluid actuated means for applying force to another portion of thetubular member after obtaining a predetermined fluid pressure inconnection with the actuation of the first lluid actuated means, and aVvalve for effecting actuation of the second fluid actuated means uponobtaining said predetermined uid pressure in connection with the rstfluid actuated means.

27. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including atubular member having a pin extending therethrough, comprising iluidactuated means for gripping and pulling the pin,

means for applying the reactionary force of the pull to an end portionof the tubular member, fluid actuated means for applying force toanother portion of the tubular member after obtaining a predeterminedfluid pressure in connection with the actuation of the iirst iiuidactuated means, a valve for effecting actuation of the second uidactuated means upon obtaining said predetermined iiuid pressure inconnection with the frst-fluid actuated means, and means for maintainingsaid valve operable t-o cause actuation of the second fluid actuatedmeans even though the iluid pressure subsequently .decreases withrespect to said predetermined pressure.

28. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular memberan-d a pin extending therethrough and wherein the pin is adapted to bebroken after setting of the rivet, which comprises a casing, separatelluid actuated means movable in the casing, one of which isr adapted togrip and pull the pin and finally break it, and the other of whichisadapted to apply reactionary force to the pull against the tubularmember, and means for controlling the operation of said fluid actuatedmeans.

29. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular memberand a pin extending therethrough, uid actuated means for gripping andpulling vthe pin and including a piston and a piston rod, and a secondfluid actuated means for applying reactionary force of the pull to aportion of the tubular member, said second fluid actuated meansincluding a piston slidably mounted on said piston rod.

30. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular memberand a pin extending therethrough wherein the pin is adapted to be brokenafter setting of the rivet, which comprises fluid actuated meansforgripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary forceto an end portion of the tubular member, uid actuated means for changingthe localization of application of said reactionary force afterobtaining a predetermined movement of the pin and before breakingthereof, and means for rendering said iiuid actuated means ineffectivefollowing breaking of the pin and after a predetermined movementthereof.

31. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular memberand a pin extending therethrough, fluid pressure actuated means forgripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary forceto an end portion of the tubular member, fluid actuated means forapplying an upsetting force to another portion of the tu.- bular member,a source of supply of fluid under pressure, and fluid pressure controlmeans for automatically effecting operation of the fluid actuated meansin sequence.

32. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein an element ispulled and the reactionary force is applied against another element,which comprises a casing, a pair of. fluid pressure responsive meansmovably carried by said casing for pulling the element and applying thereactionary force respectively, and means for introducing uid pressureto the fluid pressure responsive means.

33. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein an element ispulled and the reactionary force is applied against another element,which comprises a casing, a pair of fluid pressure responsive meansmovably carried by said casing for pulling the element and applying thereactionary force respectively, and means for introducing fluid pressureto the iluid pressure responsive means and equalizing the pressure onboth responsive means so that one is balanced against the other.

34. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied against another element, which comprisespower operated means for pulling the first element, means for applyingthe reactionary force to the other element, manual control means forgoverning operation of the power means, and means governed by movementof the power means for interrupting operation of the control means.

35. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element 4is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the nrst element, dual means for applying the reactionary forceto the other element, and means rendering said dual means selectivelyoperable.

36. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the rst element, dual means for applying the reactionary forceto the other element, and means rendering said dual means selectivelyoperable without changing their relative positions.

37. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the first element, a pair of anvils one Within the other forapplying the reactionary force to the other element, and means renderingsaid anvils selectively operable.

38. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the first element, a pair of anvils one within the other forapplying the reactionary force to the other element, and means renderingsaid anvils selectively operable without changing their relativepositions.

39. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeves having anvils forapplying the reactionary force to the other element, and means forrendering said anvils selectively operable by turning the sleeves. l

40. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the first element, inner and outer sleeves having anvils forapplying the reactionary force to the other element, means retainingsaid sleeves against relative turning movement but permitting relativesliding movement thereof, and means rendering said anvils selectivelyoperable by turning the sleeves as a unit.

41. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising uid actuatedmeans for pulling the rst element, dual means for applying thereactionary'force to the other element, fluid actuated means foroperating the dual means, and means rendering the fluid actuated meansoperable for actuating the dual means selectively.

42. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein one element ispulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element,comprising a casing having dual compartments, uid pressure responsivemeans in each compartment, a source of fluid under pressure, means forintroducing uid under pressure into one compartment, control means forintroducing uid under pressure into the other compartment when the fluidpressure in the first compartment reaches a predetermined amount, andmeans for allowing iluidlto ow from the second compartment into thefirst when the pressure in the former is greater than in the latter.

43. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein one element ispulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element,comprising a casing having dual compartments, fluid pressure responsivemeans in each compartment, a source of fluid under pressure, means forintroducing iluid under pressure into one compartment, control means forintroducing fluid under pressure into the other compartment when theiiuid pressure in the first compartment reaches a predetermined amount,andmeans for allowing fluid to now from the second compartment into thefirst when the pressure in the former is greater than inthe latter, saidlast mentioned means being operable independently of the control means.

44. A machine for setting rivets or the like which comprises a casing,uid pressure responsive means in the casing, a liquid iiuid pressureline connected to the casing at one side of the fluid pressureresponsive means, a gaseous fluid pressure line connected to the casingat the other side of the fluid pressure responsive means, means operableby reduction of the pressure in the gaseous fluid line for introducingliquid fluid into the casing at a pressure sulicient to move thepressure responsive means against the gaseous pressure at the other sideof the responsive means, and means for substantially preventing exhaustof the gaseous fluid at said other side of the responsive means eventhough the pressure in the gaseous fluid line is reduced.

45. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casinghaving different compartments, fluid pressure responsive means in eachcompartment, a uid pressure source adapted to be connected to thecompartments, means connected to one fluid pressure responsive means forpulling the first element, a pair of anvils for applying the reactionaryforce to the other element, means operatively connecting one anvil tothe casing so as to initially apply the reactionary force through thecasing and said anvil, means operatively connecting the other anvil tothe other fluid pressure responsive means, and means operative uponsupplying a predetermined fluid pressure to the rst responsive means forintroducing fluid under pressure to the second responsive means so as tocause the second anvii to become operative for applying the reactionaryforce.

46. A rivet setting machine comprising a casing, means in the casing forpulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applying thereactionary force of the pull against another element, and meansoperatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so thateither anvil may apply the reactionary force.

47. A rivet setting machine comprising a casing, means in the casing forpulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applying thereactionary force of the pull against another element, and meansoperatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so thateither anvil may apply the reactionary force, said means comprisinginner and outer sleeves having projections, and projections on thecasing adapted 75 selectively to engage the projection on one sleeve orthe projection on the other sleeve.

48. A rivet setting lmachine comprising a casing, means in the casingfor pulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applyingthe reactionary force of the pull against another element,and meansoperatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so thateither anvil may apply the reactionary force, said means comprisinginner and outer sleeves slidable one on the other, a radial projectionon one sleeve slidably arranged in an axial slot in the other sleeve,and means on the casing adapted to selectively engage said projection onthe one sleeve or the end of the other sleeve.

49. A machine for setting a rivet wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another comprising a casing, means inthe casing for pulling the first element, inner and outer sleeve membersslidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force,one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one. or more axialAprojections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections onthe rst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectivelyengaging said projections on the rst sleeve or the projections on thesecond sleeve, and releasable means for holding the sleeves againstturning but permitting turning adjustment thereof so that theprojections on the casing may optionall'yrbe engaged either with theprojections on the second sleeve or projections onthe nrst sleeve.

50. A machine for setting'a rivet wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another comprising a casing, means inthe casing for pulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeve membersslidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force,one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axialprojections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on therst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectivelyengaging said projections on the first sleeve or the projections on thesecond sleeve and means in the casing adapted to cooperate with theprojections on the sleeve not engageable with the projections on thecasing, for applying the reactionary force through said sleeve.

51. A machine for setting a rivet wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary torce is applied to another comprising a casing, means inthe casing for pulling the first element, inner and outer sleevevmembers slidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionaryforce, one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axialprojections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on thefirst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectivelyengaging said projections on the first sleeve or the projections on thesecond sleeve and means for eiecting application of the reactionaryforce first through the casing to the sleeve in engagement with theprojections on'fthe casing, and then through the other sleeve.

52. A machine for setting 'a rivet wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another comprising a. casing, means inthe casing for pulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeve membersslidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force,one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axialprojections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on thefirst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for wherein one-element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to the otherelement comprising a casing, fluid pressure responsive means in the ycasing for pulling the rst element, and a separate fluid pressureresponsive means movable relative to the casing for applying thereactionary force to the other element.

54. A fluid pressure operated rivet setting mechanism comprising acasing having alinged but separated cylinders, pistons in the cylinders,a rod slidable in both cylinders and being slidable through one pistonand connected to the other, and separate rivet engaging elementsoperatively connected respectively to said rod and said one piston.

55. Ariveting machine comprising a jaw holder having converginglyrelated sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentiallyarranged jaws, jaws slidably engaging in the sockets, means for urgingthe jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at theoutermost ends of the jaws for locking them substantially againstrelative axial movement.

56. A riveting machine comprising a jaw holder having converginglyrelated sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentiallyarranged jaws, jawsslidably engaging in the sockets, means for urgingthe jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at theoutermost ends oi the jaws for locking them substantially againstrelative axial movement, said last; mentioned means comprising recessesin the inner surfaces of the jaws and holding means disposed in therecesses.

57. A riveting machine comprising a jaw holdl I er having converginglyrelated sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentiallyarranged jaws, jaws slidably engaging in the sockets, means for urgingthe jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at thediverging ends of the jaws for locking them substantially againstrelative axial movement, said last mentioned means comprising a tubularelement projecting between the diverging ends of the jaws. and radiallyinterengaging projections on the jaws and tubular member.

58. A machine for Setting rivets or the like, comprising an outer jawcontracting member having inner converging jaw surfaces, a reciprocatorymember connected to said member for moving it, separate jaws betweensaid surfaceshaving outer surfaces engaging the surfaces on the member,and means slidably mounted on the reciprocatoiy member and havingaxially interlocking engagement with the jaws while permitting the jawsto contract or expand radially.

- 59.` A machine for setting rivets or the like, comprising an outer jawcontracting member having inner converging jaw surfaces, a reciprocatorymember connected to said member for moving it, separate jaws betweensaid surfaces having outer surfaces engaging the surfaces on the member,and means slidably mounted on the reciprocatory member and havingaxiallyinterlocking engagement with the jaws while permitting the jawsto contract or expand radially, said means comprising a tubular element.

60. A machine for relatively moving a pair of members, one projectingfrom the other, comprising means for gripping and pulling the projectingmember, means for applying the reactionary force to the other member,and means eiective after predetermined movement of the projecting memberfor causing the second means to apply radially contractile forces to theother member.

61. A machine for relatively moving a pair of members, one projectingfrom the other, comprising means for gripping and pulling the projectingmember, means for applying the reactionary force tothe other member, andmeans effective after predetermined tension on the projecting member forcausing the second means to apply radially contractile forces to theother member.

62. A machine for setting a. rivet or the like wherein the rivetcomprises .a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passingthrough the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of thetubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means forgripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applyingthe reactionary force to the head on the tubular member, and means forcausing the last mentioned means to eilect movehaving a head on one endand a pin passing through the tubular member and adapted to engage theopposite end of the tubular member and to project from said head, whichcomprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin,means for applying the reactionary force to the head on the tubularmember, and means for causing the last mentioned means to effectmovement of metal in the head radially towards the pin after apredetermined tension on the pin has been obtained.

64. A machine for setting a rivet or the like wherein the rivetcomprises a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passingthrough the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of thetubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means forgripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applyingthe reactionary force to the head on the tubular member including ananvil having a tapered wall socket adapted to move over the head andcontract portions of the head toward the pin, and means for eiectingsuch movement of anvil after a predetermined movement of the pin.

65. A machine for setting a rivet or the like wherein the rivetcomprises a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passingthrough the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of thetubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means forgripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applyingthe reactionary force to the head on the tubular member including ananvil having a tapered wall socket adapted to move over' the head andcontract portions of the head toward the pin, and means for effectingsuch movement of anvil after a predetermined tension on the pin hasoccurred.

66. In combination, a valve chamber having an intake port and an exhaustport, an integral valve member adapted to maintain both of said portsclosed at the same time, spring means for urging said member into portclosing position, said member being adapted to open saide'xhaust port inresponse to a predetermined pressure Within said valve chamber, and toopen said intake port in response to an external pressure which exceedsby predetermined amount that required to effectopening of the exhaustport.

67. A machine for setting rivets of the type wherein one rivet elementis pulled and the reaction force is applied to the other element,including means for gripping and pulling said one element, means forapplying the reaction force to and swaging the other element to theiirst element, and means for ejecting the rivet elements from the secondnamed means upon completion of the swaging operation.

68. A machine for setting rivets wherein one rivet element is pulled andthe reaction force is applied to the other element to effect the settingoperation including, means to grip the first element, aN swaging anviladapted to engage the other element and swage the rivet elementstogether, thrust means adapted to engage the other element independentlyof said swaging anvil, means to exert a pulling force on said grippingmeans and a react-ion force on said swaging anvil to effect the swagingoperation, and means operable when said swaging operation is completedfor exerting pulling force on said anvil and a reaction force on saidthrust means Ito withdraw said swaging anvil from said other element.

69. A machine for setting a rivet wherein a rivet element is pulled, andthe reactionary force is applied to another element, including means togrip the rst element, a thrust member adapted to engage and transmit thereaction force to the other element, an anvil adapted to engage theother element independently of said thrust member and transmit thereaction force to the other element for the purpose of deforming thesame, uid pressure means for applying a pulling and reaction force tosaid gripping means and thrust member respectively to move said membersrelatively and perform one of the rivet setting operations, meansoperable automatically upon completion of said movement to shift thereactive force from the thrust member to the anvil whereby .said anvil,under the influence of said reactive force, will perform a second rivetsetting operation, and fluid pressure means operable upon completion ofthe rivet setting operation for exerting a pulling force on said anviland a reactive force on said thrust member whereby said thrust memberwill eject the other rivet member from said anvil'.

70. A machine for setting rivets wherein a rivet is set by applying apulling force to one element i thereof and a reaction force to anotherelement thereof, comprising a cylinder, a piston and piston rod in saidcylinder, means to grip the rst rivet element operatively connected tosaid rod, a sleeve on said rod carrying a second piston in saidcylinder, an anvil operatively connected to said sleeve and adapted toengage the other rivet element and swage the elements together, a thrustmember xedly connected to the cylinder and adapted to engagel the otherrivet element independently of said anvil, means to apply fluid pressurebetween said pistons to effect the swaging operation, and means toprovide a pressure between said second piston and the adjacent cylinderwall in excess of that between the pistons for ejecting the otherelement from the anvil.

71. A machine for setting rivets wherein one aosavio element is pulledand the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising dualmeans for applying the reactionary force to the other element, means forsuccessively operating` said dual means, and means permitting change oftheorder of succession o! operation of said dual means by said lastnamed means.

'12. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and thereactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means forpulling the iirst element, a pair of anvils, one within' the other, forapplying reactionary force to the other element, means for successivelyoperating said anvils, and means permitting change of the order ofsuccession of operation of said anvils by said last named means.

Y '13. In combination, a cylindrical valve chamber having an intake portat one end and a lateral exhaust port, a cylindrical valve fitting insaid cylinder and adapted to control said exhaust port, a projection ofreduced diameter on said valve extending in the direction of the axisthereof and adapted to control said intake port, said valve andprojection being so arranged that both ports may be maintained closed atthe same time, and resilient means urging said valve into port closingposition.

74. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members which includemeans for pulling onex member, means for applying the reacl tionaryforce against the other member, and means for shifting the point ofapplication of the reactionary force on the second member upon anincrease in the pulling force on the rst member.

75. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular memberand aypin passing through the member and having an axial abutmentagainst one portion thereof, including means for pulling the pin todeform one portion of the tubular member, and means for applying areactionary force to said tubular member, said last named means beingeii'ective to lock the tubular member and pin together upon. completionof the deformation oi the tubular member.

76. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular memberand a pin passing through the member and engaging one end thereof,including, means ior pulling the pin to cause the pin to collapse andbulge outwardly the tubular member to iorm a head thereon, and

means for applying the reactionary force to said tubular member, saidlast named meansV being eective to move the metal of the tubular memberradially inwardly toward the pin when the aforesaid head is formed onthe tubular member.

'17. A machine for setting a rivet of the type comprising inner andouter cooperating members, including, means for gripping and exerting apulling action on the inner rivet member, and means for transmitting thereactive force to the outer member adapted to cause an inward flow ofthe material ci the outer member into engagement with the inner member.y 78. A machine for setting rivets of the type comprising a tubularmember and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises mechanism forgripping and pulling the pin, a pair of anvils for applying areactionary force to the tubular member, one of said anvils beingadapted to swage the tubular member on to the pin, and. means foreiectingoperation of said. anvils in. sequential order during pulling ofthe pin' with said one anvil being operated after the other.

79. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and areactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casing, apair of fluid pressure responsive means carried by said casing, meansconnected to one fluid pressure means fr pulling the iirst element, apair of anvils for applying reactionary forces to the other element,meansoperatively connecting one anvil to the casing so as to initiallyapply a reactionary force through the casing and said anvil, meansoperatively connecting the other anvil to the other fluid pressureresponsive means, and means operative'uponrsupplying a predeterminedpressure to the first responsive means for introducing uid underypressure to the second responsive means so as to causevthe second anvilto become operative for applying a reactionary force.

V,LOUIS C. HUCK.

GEORGE T. CHAPMAN. WILL E. MORRIS. RALPH A. MILLER.

